Introduction - Resources 2004/05
This publication is one of four reference volumes published annually by the Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA). HESA is a company limited by guarantee, and is owned by the United Kingdom (UK) higher education sector through the representative bodies Universities UK and the Standing Conference of Principals. HESA collects data from publicly-funded higher education institutions (HEIs) in the UK on behalf of funding bodies and government departments, in a framework underpinned by legislation.
This volume brings together information about the finances and the staff of HEIs during the academic year 2004/05 that is, the period 1 August 2004 to 31 July 2005. It covers data supplied by 168 HEIs (131 in England, 131 in Wales, 20 in Scotland, 4 in Northern Ireland). The data collection procedure is uniform across all institutions, regardless of size, nature and location. Tabulations are included that record and analyse income and expenditure, and the characteristics of staff, at the sector level in the printed volume, and on the CD also at the institutional level.
The other reference volumes published by HESA are as follows.
Students in Higher Education Institutions. This volume draws on HESA’s collection of data about students in HEIs. It includes information at the institutional level about entry qualifications, programmes taken and outcomes, together with background variables such as age, gender, ethnicity and disability. Data on HE provision in further education colleges (FECs) is not included in this volume except for students funded indirectly through HEIs, in which case it is reported by the HEI through which funding passes.
Destinations of Leavers from Higher Education. TThis volume draws on the Destinations of Leavers from HE (DLHE) survey and provides information about patterns of employment and further study or training at a point about six months after completion. DLHE covers leavers from part-time as well as full-time programmes.
Higher Education Statistics for the United Kingdom. This is the only HESA reference volume that currently falls within the National Statistics framework, and it accordingly carries the National Statistics logo as well as that of HESA. It provides an overview of higher education in the UK from a statistical perspective, including statistics about applications, participation, institutional finance, staffing, student awards and loans. To achieve this broad coverage, this volume draws on data collected by other bodies as well as HESA, and in particular includes some information about directly funded HE provision in FECs.
HESA also publishes annually two Statistical First Releases within the National Statistics framework; the Higher Education Management Statistics at institutional level (on CD) and detailed data for institutional planning purposes on CD (HE Planning Plus and HE Finance Plus). Research Datapacks dealing with specific issues are produced on an occasional basis on CD. The HESA Information Provision Service exists to meet more specialist needs of data users on a bespoke basis.
Data protection
In order to comply with the provisions of the Data Protection Act 1998 and the Human Rights Act 1998, HESA implements a strategy in published and released tabulations designed to minimise the risk of disclosure of personal information about any individual. The tabulations in this volume are derived from the HESA non-statutory populations2 and may differ slightly from those published by related statutory bodies or in National Statistics publications. This strategy involves rounding all numbers to the nearest multiple of 5. A summary of this strategy is as follows:
- 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0
- All other numbers are rounded to the nearest multiple of 5.
So for example 3 is represented as 5, 22 is represented as 20, 3286 is represented as 3285 while 0, 20, 55, 3510 remain unchanged.
This rounding strategy is also applied to total numbers; the consequence of this is that the sum of numbers in each row or column rarely matches the total shown precisely. Note that subject level data calculated by apportionment is also rounded in accordance with this strategy.
Average values, proportions and FTE values prepared by HESA are not usually affected by the above strategy, and are calculated on precise raw numbers.
Percentages calculated on populations which contain 52 or fewer individuals are suppressed and represented as '..' as are averages based on populations of 7 or fewer.
Format of publications
Commencing with the 2002/03 cycle of publications, HESA reference volumes comprise a relatively slim printed volume containing only a limited range of tables, together with a CD, which contains all the remaining data familiar to users from earlier years, supplemented with additional and more detailed tables. The tables on the CD are in Microsoft® Excel 2000 format. This has the further benefit of allowing users to select data from the tables and manipulate how it is displayed. However, arithmetical manipulations should be carried out with caution because of the effect of the rounding strategy described above.
Finance data
This commentary draws attention to some of the headline figures and key points that emerge from the main tables. The information is displayed graphically where appropriate. It should be noted that where comparisons are made between the latest financial year and a previous year, the figures for the previous year are as re-stated in the most recent financial statements available; any exceptions are noted explicitly. They are not therefore necessarily reconcilable with figures for that year published in previous HESA volumes. However, it is understood that all such figures can be reconciled to the published accounts of the institutions.
Because of rounding, published totals in finance tables may differ from the sum of the published figures that contribute to them.
Summary of key points
Balance sheet
Tangible assets have increased by £1,698 million (9.6%).
There has been an increase of £422 million in short-term borrowing but a decrease of £106 million in short-term investments.
Income and expenditure
Income during the year amounted to £18.0 billion.
The surplus of income over expenditure was £213 million.
Sources of income
Funding council grants increased by £444 million (6.8%).
The amount of income received from tuition fees and education grants & contracts increased by 5.9%. EU domiciled students (including UK domiciled students) charged full-time HE course standard fees accounted for 32.8% of income from those sources.
Research councils provided 32.1% of research grants & contracts, the largest share of the total.
Expenditure
The £1,121 million (6.7%) rise in total expenditure was the result of broadly similar percentage rises in each of staff costs (£627 million), other operating expenses (£402 million) and interest payable, but there was a larger percentage increase of 9.8% (£78 million) in depreciation.
Balance sheet
A comparison of the HE sector’s balance sheet at 31 July 2005 with that at 31 July 2004 shows a £422 million increase in short-term creditors while amounts due after more than one year have increased by £184 million. There was an increase of £206 million in debtors.
The value of tangible assets has increased by £1,698 million (9.6%), and endowment assets have increased by £483 million (17.9%). Endowments (specific and general) have also increased by £483 million from last year, compared with an increase of £181 million from 2003 to 2004.
Table A - Balance sheet(#5) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Balance (£ thousands) as at 31 July | ||||
2005 | 2004 | Change | % change | |
Fixed assets | ||||
Tangible assets | 19330175 | 17632132 | 1698043 | 9.6% |
Investments | 962408 | 838439 | 123969 | 14.8% |
Total | 20292583 | 18470571 | 1822012 | 9.9% |
Endowment assets | 3186382 | 2703377 | 483005 | 17.9% |
Current assets | ||||
Stock | 51515 | 52536 | -1021 | -1.9% |
Debtors | 2289845 | 2083653 | 206192 | 9.9% |
Investments | 1729080 | 1834841 | -105761 | -5.8% |
Cash at bank & in hand | 1131297 | 962443 | 168854 | 17.5% |
Total | 5201737 | 4933473 | 268264 | 5.4% |
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year | 4235496 | 3813275 | 422221 | 11.1% |
Net current assets | 966241 | 1120198 | -153957 | -13.7% |
Total assets less current liabilities | 24445206 | 22294146 | 2151060 | 9.6% |
Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year | 3391913 | 3207784 | 184129 | 5.7% |
Provisions for liabilities & charges | 572604 | 542238 | 30366 | 5.6% |
Net Assets | 20480689 | 18544124 | 1936565 | 10.4% |
Deferred capital grants | 6120792 | 5376628 | 744164 | 13.8% |
Endowments | ||||
Specific | 2699709 | 2262216 | 437493 | 19.3% |
General | 487889 | 442399 | 45490 | 10.3% |
Total | 3187598 | 2704615 | 482983 | 17.9% |
Reserves | 11172299 | 10462881 | 709418 | 6.8% |
Total | 20480689 | 18544124 | 1936565 | 10.4% |
# see relevant footnote in Notes to tables. |
Income and expenditure
The income of the HE sector totalled £18.0 billion during the financial year to 31 July 2005; this compares with £16.9 billion for the previous year. The surplus of income over expenditure decreased from £237 million in 2003/04 to £213 million in 2004/05.
Table B - Total income and expenditure, financial years 2004/05 and 2003/04(#5) | |||
---|---|---|---|
(£ thousands) | |||
2004/05 | 2003/04 | % change | |
Income | 17993162 | 16896211 | 6.5% |
Expenditure | 17779680 | 16659096 | 6.7% |
Surplus/deficit(#6) | 213482 | 237115 | -10.0% |
Surplus/deficit(#6) as percentage of income | 1.2% | 1.4% | |
# see relevant footnote in Notes to tables. |
To provide the context for these figures, Chart 1 shows the HE sector’s surplus/deficit (re-based and re-calculated as appropriate) for each of the years for which HESA now has data. These are cash figures to which no deflator has been applied. Data were returned to HESA for financial year 1993/94 onwards; figures for these financial years are set out in earlier editions of this volume.
The number of institutions reporting a surplus or breakeven was 124 out of 168 in 2004/05, compared with 130 out of 171 in 2003/04. Deficits in both financial years were reported by 23 institutions.
The final table in this section aggregates figures for institutions funded by each of the four UK countries’ funding councils. It should be noted that in this and other tables, The Open University is counted as an institution based in England, although its funding now includes contributions from other administrations.
Table C - Income and expenditure by UK country(#5) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(£ thousands) | |||||||||
Financial Year 2004/05 | Financial Year 2003/04 | ||||||||
Location of Institution | Income | Expenditure | Surplus/ deficit(#6) | % of income | Income | Expenditure | Surplus/ deficit(#6) | % of income | |
England | 14821360 | 14656022 | 165338 | 1.1% | 13920045 | 13716895 | 203150 | 1.5% | |
Wales | 853126 | 834498 | 18628 | 2.2% | 800653 | 788019 | 12634 | 1.6% | |
Scotland | 1936344 | 1919272 | 17072 | 0.9% | 1821906 | 1814032 | 7874 | 0.4% | |
Northern Ireland | 382332 | 369888 | 12444 | 3.3% | 353607 | 340150 | 13457 | 3.8% | |
Total | 17993162 | 17779680 | 213482 | 1.2% | 16896211 | 16659096 | 237115 | 1.4% | |
# see relevant footnote in Notes to tables. |
Income
The table and chart below summarise institutions’ sources of income in terms of proportions contributed by and the growth or otherwise of each source over time.
Table D - Sources of income(#5) | |||
---|---|---|---|
(£ thousands) | |||
2004/05 | 2003/04 | % change | |
Funding council grants | 6967346 | 6522935 | 6.8% |
Tuition fees & education grants & contracts | 4335652 | 4094019 | 5.9% |
Research grants & contracts | 2883900 | 2724924 | 5.8% |
Other income | 3506749 | 3312624 | 5.9% |
Endowment & investment income | 299515 | 241709 | 23.9% |
Total income | 17993162 | 16896211 | 6.5% |
# see relevant footnote in Notes to tables. |
Funding council grants represent a 38.7% proportion of total income. Tuition fees & education grants & contracts represent a 24.1% proportion of total income. These proportions are very close to those for 2003/04. Previous years’ figures are those reported in the re-stated financial statements.
Funding council grants
Institutional funds for academic and other purposes are allocated primarily by the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE), the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales (HEFCW), the Scottish Further and Higher Education Funding Council (SFC) [formerly the Scottish Higher Education Funding Council (SHEFC), now merged with the former Scottish Further Education Funding Council (SFEFC) and known as the Scottish Funding Council] and by the Department for Employment and Learning for Northern Ireland (DELNI) acting as a funding agency for the four Northern Ireland higher education institutions. Some funds are also provided in England by the Department of Health (DH) and the Training and Development Agency for Schools (TDA) [formerly the Teacher Training Agency (TTA)]. In relation to some categories of FE teaching funding comes from the Learning and Skills Council (LSC) in England and Education and Training Wales (ELWa) [now absorbed into the National Assembly for Wales (NAW)]. In Scotland it is impossible to disaggregate the funding of FE teaching.
Table E - Breakdown of funding council grants 2004/05 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
(£ thousands) | ||||
% of total | ||||
HE Provision(#7) | ||||
Recurrent - teaching | 4775433 | 68.5% | ||
Recurrent - research | 1358391 | 19.5% | ||
Recurrent - other (inc. special funding) | 531019 | 7.6% | ||
Release of deferred capital grants - buildings | 99461 | 1.4% | ||
Release of deferred capital grants - equipment | 92201 | 1.3% | ||
FE provision(#8) | 110841 | 1.6% | ||
Total funding council grants | 6967346 | 100.0% | ||
# see relevant footnote in Notes to tables. |
Tuition fees and education grants and contracts
The total income for tuition fees & education grants & contracts increased by 5.9% this year to £4.34 billion from £4.09 billion in 2003/04. Income from overseas (non-EC) students provided 32.2% of income in this category.
Table F - Income from tuition fees and education grants and contracts 2004/05 | ||
---|---|---|
(£ thousands) | ||
% of total | ||
HE course fees | ||
Full-time UK & EC domiciled students charged standard fees | 1420081 | 32.8% |
Full-time UK & EC domiciled students charged non-standard fees | 680775 | 15.7% |
Part-time HE course fees | 462785 | 10.7% |
Overseas (Non-EC) | 1395773 | 32.2% |
Sub-total HE course fees | 3959414 | 91.3% |
Non-credit-bearing course fees | 290943 | 6.7% |
FE course fees | 20305 | 0.5% |
Research training support grants | 64990 | 1.5% |
Total tuition fees & education grants & contracts | 4335652 | 100.0% |
Research grants and contracts
Research grants & contracts increased by 5.8% this year to £2.88 billion from £2.72 billion in 2003/04. The Office of Science and Technology (OST) research councils continue to be the largest providers by representing a 32.1% proportion of total research grants & contracts income.
Table G - Income from research grants and contracts 2004/05 | ||
---|---|---|
(£ thousands) | ||
% of total | ||
OST research councils | 926294 | 32.1% |
UK based charities | 700052 | 24.3% |
UK central government bodies, local, health & hospital authorities | 565861 | 19.6% |
UK industry, commerce & public corps | 243405 | 8.4% |
EU government bodies | 202262 | 7.0% |
EU other | 34251 | 1.2% |
Other overseas | 151251 | 5.2% |
Other sources | 60524 | 2.1% |
Total research grants & contracts | 2883900 | 100.0% |
Other income
Income in this category increased by 5.9% this year to £3.51 billion from £3.31 billion in 2003/04. The breakdown in Table H has been simplified by comparison with previous years.
Table H - Other income 2004/05 | ||
---|---|---|
(£ thousands) | ||
% of total | ||
Other services rendered | ||
UK central government bodies, local authorities, health & hospital authorities, EU government bodies | 411254 | 11.7% |
Other | 596430 | 17.0% |
Sub-total other services rendered | 1007684 | 28.7% |
Residences & catering operations | 1102865 | 31.4% |
Grants from local authorities | 2213 | 0.1% |
Income from health & hospital authorities | 320279 | 9.1% |
Released from deferred capital grants | 74978 | 2.1% |
Income from intellectual property rights | 28517 | 0.8% |
Other operating income | 970213 | 27.7% |
Total other income | 3506749 | 100.0% |
Expenditure
The 6.7% (£1,121 million) rise in expenditure to £17.8 billion as shown in Table I did not vary greatly as a percentage under each heading, except that there was a greater increase in depreciation.
Table I - Expenditure, financial years ending 2004/05 and 2003/04(#5) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
(£ thousands) | ||||
2004/05 | 2003/04 | % change | ||
Staff costs | 10377331 | 9749960 | 6.4% | |
Other operating expenses | 6317040 | 5915044 | 6.8% | |
Depreciation | 870393 | 792784 | 9.8% | |
Interest payable | 214916 | 201308 | 6.8% | |
Total | 17779680 | 16659096 | 6.7% | |
# see relevant footnote in Notes to tables. |
The percentage distribution of expenditure by activity within the total as shown in Table J has changed little from the previous year. Academic departments represent a 41.9% proportion of total expenditure and residences & catering operations represent a proportion of just 5.7%.
Table J - Distribution of expenditure by activity 2004/05 | ||
---|---|---|
(£ thousands) | ||
% of total | ||
Academic departments | 7446711 | 41.9% |
Academic services | 1343401 | 7.6% |
Administrative & central services | 2383764 | 13.4% |
Premises | 1951398 | 11.0% |
Residences & catering operations | 1017147 | 5.7% |
Research grants & contracts | 2455358 | 13.8% |
Other expenditure | 1181901 | 6.6% |
Total expenditure | 17779680 | 100.0% |
The clinical medicine cost centre and business & management studies cost centre continue to have the largest share of total expenditure on academic departments with 10.0% and 9.6% respectively, spending £742 million and £717 million in 2004/05. The social studies cost centre and nursing & paramedical studies cost centre have a 7.7% and 6.9% share of total expenditure respectively. They spent £571 million and £511 million in 2004/05. These numbers are derived from the Total UK row of Table 2d.
Staff data
For the 2003/04 data collection, HESA replaced three separate staff records (the Individualised Staff Record (ISR), the Aggregate Staff Record (ASR), and the New Aggregate Staff Record (NASR)) with a single new collection, the New Individualised Staff Record (NISR); the word ‘New’ will be dropped once there is no risk of confusion. The 2004/05 data collection is accordingly the second collection using NISR.
As its name indicates, NISR is an individualised record. It covers all academic and non-academic staff who have a contract of employment with a higher education institution (HEI) in the UK, or for whom the HEI is liable to pay Class 1 National Insurance contributions. Other staff, such as those employed under consultancy contracts, or on the basis of payment of fees for services but without a contract of employment, are not included in the record. This is a major change from ISR which covered only staff with at least a 25% teaching and/or research commitment. The data previously collected on all academic staff activity by cost centre through ASR, and the equal opportunities monitoring data previously collected at an aggregate level on all staff through NASR, can broadly speaking be derived from NISR because of its full coverage, and this has made it possible to discontinue the use of separate returns to provide that information.
Within this record, staff designated as ‘academic’ include academic professionals who are responsible for preparing, directing and undertaking academic teaching and research within HE institutions and also medical practitioners, dentists, veterinarians and other health care professionals who undertake lecturing or research activities. By custom and practice, a small number of other staff who do not have direct responsibility for the delivery of either teaching or research, including some institutional officers, are also designated as ‘academic’. All other staff in HEIs are designated as ‘non-academic’, and are grouped in twelve categories. In some tabulations these are combined into three broad-brush groups.
The amount of information collected on individual members of staff depends on the staff category into which they fall. Academic staff are recruited within a national, or indeed international, market, but one that is specialised by subject area. It is of value to be able to identify patterns of career progression as staff move from institution to institution, and to compare staffing resources with teaching and research commitments and funding streams. For such staff, the full record is collected. By contrast, for clerical, secretarial and manual staff, recruitment is from the labour market local to each institution. Although the individual institution may need to monitor its staffing position in considerable detail, the national data requirement is very limited and is focused mainly on equal opportunities monitoring. For staff in these categories, the data collection is limited to a subset of the fields in the full record.
A key feature of the new HESA Individualised Staff Record is the format of collection. For the first time data can be analysed in terms of both people and employment contracts. The record consists of two tables. The person table contains one record for each person employed by an institution during the reporting period and contains attributes of the individual such as birth date, gender and ethnicity. Each person's employment with an institution is governed by one or more legally-binding contracts and each contract that exists is recorded on the contract table. If a person has a single contract with the institution there will be one record on the person table and one record on the contract table. If a person has three contracts with an institution there will be one record on the person table and three records on the contract table.
The new HESA Individualised Staff Record has introduced some definitional changes and refinements relative to previous collections, and figures derived from the staff record from 2003/04 onwards are seldom exactly comparable with those for previous years. Three particular changes need mention. First, published figures now report staff with contracts active at 1 December, rather than reporting, as hitherto, the session population; this change is intended to avoid the over-counting, particularly of staff employed for a short period, inherent in the previous method. Secondly, academic staff are no longer categorised as clinical/non-clinical, so it is not possible to produce tabulations limited to non-clinical staff. Thirdly, tabulations will for the future generally include staff who are not wholly institutionally financed; in this volume a number of introductory tables have been produced both on this basis and on the previous basis limited to wholly institutionally-financed staff, so as to facilitate comparison with earlier years.
In addition, there are a number of transient effects due to the phasing-in of the full NISR collection. For 2003/04, institutions were not required to return data on ‘atypical’ staff. These are, broadly speaking, staff on contracts that qualify them for inclusion in NISR, but are not on a full-time or proportionate part-time basis. Such staff may be found throughout the sector, but form an important component of the total staffing in subject areas such as performing arts and fine art. Data on atypical staff were collected for the first time for 2004/05, and in order to make it possible to present this material, some of the tables and charts in this 2004/05 volume have been enhanced by comparison with 2003/04. However, information on staff other than atypicals is comparable with that for 2003/04. Also, there are some fields in the record where the exact definition of what is to be collected is still under discussion, and data from these fields is accordingly not yet available.
Analysis by staff grade is meaningful only where institutions have reported their staff within nationally recognised grade structures, or within internal grade structures that facilitate discrimination on a similar basis. Several institutions, including some large post-1992 universities, report their staff on a single grade structure lacking a separate category for the ‘Professor’ grade. Where this happens, Professors cannot be distinguished from staff on the Senior Lecturer (pre-1992) or Principal Lecturer (post-1992) grade, leading to Professors being zero-counted for those institutions and under-counted for the sector as a whole. This under-counting limits the scope of comparative analyses of the proportion of Professors within particular subject areas, by cost centres, by gender, and so on.
Summary of key points
Staff numbers are full-person equivalents unless otherwise specified.
In 2004/05 there were in total 234,440 (2003/04: 227,525) full-time staff in the HE sector, of whom 45.5% (44.7%) were female, and 111,865 (110,580) part-time staff, of whom 67.9% (68.1%) were female. Also, reported for the first time in 2004/05, there were 164,550 atypical staff, of whom 49.9% were female.
Of all academic staff other than atypicals, 41.2% (40.0%) were female; for full time academic staff the proportion was 36.1% (35.1%)and for part-time academic staff, 52.1% (52.2%). The proportion of atypical academic staff who were female was 45.3%.
The total (full-person-equivalent) number of academic staff other than atypicals was 160,655 (150,230), of whom 109,625 (106,900) were full-time, constituting 46.8% (47.0%) of all full-time staff, and 51,030 (43,330) were part-time, constituting 45.6% (39.2%) of all part-time staff. There were 81,795 atypical academic staff, constituting 49.7% of all atypical staff. The number of full-time academic staff for 2002/03 recalculated on the new basis was 105,550; the corresponding 2003/04 figure was an increase of 1.3% on this, and the figure for 2004/05 was a further increase of 2.5%.
Of all full-time academic posts, 72.0% (70.6%) were wholly financed by the institutions themselves.
Teaching as a primary employment function was included in 71.4% (71.0%) of full-time and 86.3% (83.0%) of part-time academic posts.
The average age of full-time academic staff was 42.7 (42.5), and 40.6% (40.3%) were aged over 45.
Ethnicity was reported for 89.5% (88.1%) of all full- and part-time staff. Of those of known ethnicity, 9.2% (8.9%) were drawn from ethnic minority groups. For academic staff the percentages were 88.1% (86.2%) and 10.4% (10.5%). Both the overall proportion of ethnic minority staff, and the pattern on which different ethnic minority groups were represented, varied considerably by staff group. Ethnicity was reported for 40.7% of atypical staff, and, of those of known ethnicity, 15.4% were from ethnic minority groups.
Disability status was reported for 90.5% (90.4%) of all full- and part-time staff, and of those of known disability status, 2.4% (2.4%) had a disability. For full- and part-time academic staff, the percentages were 90.0% (89.9%) and 2.1% (2.1%). For atypical staff, the percentages were 73.0% and 1.0%.
Among full-time academic staff, the proportion of Professors who were female was 15.8% (15.0%); of Senior lecturers & researchers, 29.0% (27.1%); of Lecturers, 41.8% (40.3%) and of Researchers, 42.2% (41.7%).
Of all full-time academic staff, 26.0% (25.7%) were employed in medicine, dentistry, or health.
Of all research-only staff, 88.9% (91.1%) were employed on fixed-term contracts.
General
Table K shows the overall pattern of staffing in UK HEIs, including atypical staff for the first time.
Table K - All staff in all UK institutions by activity, mode of employment and gender 2004/05 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Full-time | Part-time | Atypical | |||||||||
Female | Male | Total | Female | Male | Total | Female | Male | Total | |||
All activities | 106650 | 127790 | 234440 | 75980 | 35885 | 111865 | 82160 | 82310 | 164550 | ||
Managers | 5045 | 6220 | 11265 | 760 | 255 | 1010 | 60 | 100 | 165 | ||
Academic professionals | 39610 | 70015 | 109625 | 26610 | 24420 | 51030 | 37065 | 44700 | 81795 | ||
Non-academic professionals | 9545 | 9030 | 18575 | 3005 | 880 | 3885 | 3715 | 4580 | 8340 | ||
Laboratory, engineering, building, IT & medical technicians (including nurses) | 6405 | 16655 | 23060 | 2805 | 1150 | 3955 | 1275 | 1955 | 3230 | ||
Student welfare workers, careers advisors, vocational training instructors, personnel & planning officers | 3665 | 1620 | 5285 | 2090 | 475 | 2565 | 3620 | 2445 | 6065 | ||
Artistic, media, public relations, marketing & sports occupations | 1940 | 1850 | 3790 | 795 | 335 | 1130 | 2395 | 1815 | 4210 | ||
Library assistants, clerks & general administrative assistants | 23440 | 6425 | 29865 | 14135 | 2415 | 16555 | 18605 | 13715 | 32330 | ||
Secretaries, typists, receptionists & telephonists | 11835 | 875 | 12705 | 6650 | 340 | 6990 | 2570 | 2020 | 4590 | ||
Chefs, gardeners, electrical & construction trades, mechanical fitters & printers | 570 | 4225 | 4790 | 390 | 250 | 640 | 345 | 400 | 745 | ||
Caretakers, residential wardens, sports & leisure attendants, nursery nurses & care occupations | 1280 | 1680 | 2960 | 1375 | 620 | 1995 | 1330 | 1120 | 2450 | ||
Retail & customer service occupations | 435 | 165 | 600 | 540 | 180 | 720 | 1460 | 860 | 2320 | ||
Drivers, maintenance supervisors & plant operatives | 155 | 1090 | 1250 | 135 | 110 | 245 | 90 | 175 | 265 | ||
Cleaners, catering assistants, security officers, porters & maintenance workers | 2725 | 7945 | 10670 | 16690 | 4445 | 21135 | 9625 | 8425 | 18050 | ||
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest 5. |
In 2004/05 (that is, on 1 December 2004) there were in total 234,440 full-time staff, of whom 45.5% were female, 111,865 part-time staff, of whom 67.9% were female, and 164,550 atypical staff, of whom 49.9% were female. Of the full-time staff, 46.8% were academic (group 2 in detailed tabulations), 26.4% were managerial, professional and technical (groups 1, 3, 4, 5, 6), 18.2% were secretarial and clerical (groups 7, 8), and 8.6% were manual (groups 9, 10, 11, 12, 133 The corresponding figures for part-time staff were 45.6%, 11.2%, 21.0% and 22.1%, and for atypical staff, 49.7%, 13.4%, 22.4% and 14.5%. The numbers in Table K are full-person equivalents, and for most purposes it is not useful to compare absolute numbers across the three different modes of employment. When comparing proportions, it should be borne in mind that among part-time staff, and probably to an even greater extent among atypical staff, the full-time-equivalent weighting of individuals varies greatly and may be correlated with the group into which they fall.
41.2% of all academic staff other than atypicals were female, women comprised 36.1% of those working full-time and 52.1% of those working part-time. Of atypical academic staff, 45.3% were female.
Table L provides a breakdown of academic staffing in HE excluding atypicals. The reason for this exclusion is that the factors by which numbers are broken down in the rows of this table are not recorded for atypicals, with the exception of gender where the information is available in Table K. The coverage of Table L corresponds fairly closely to that of the table labelled as Table K in Resources volumes up to 2002/03. The non-clinical/clinical split can no longer be made, but from 2003/04 onwards it has become possible to identify staff on fixed-term contracts.
Table L - Summary of academic staff (excluding atypical) in all UK institutions 2004/05 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Full-time | Part-time | Total | |
Mode of employment | 109625 | 51030 | 160655 |
Gender | |||
Female | 39610 | 26610 | 66220 |
Male | 70015 | 24420 | 94435 |
Source of salary | |||
Wholly institutionally financed | 78945 | 44530 | 123480 |
Other sources of finance | 30680 | 6500 | 37180 |
Academic employment function | |||
Teaching only | 7685 | 31640 | 39330 |
Teaching & research | 70590 | 12385 | 82980 |
Research only | 30165 | 5935 | 36100 |
Neither teaching nor research | 1180 | 1070 | 2250 |
Grade | |||
Professors | 13230 | 1250 | 14480 |
Senior lecturers & researchers | 22850 | 3350 | 26200 |
Lecturers | 37530 | 17630 | 55160 |
Researchers | 28130 | 5305 | 33435 |
Other grades | 7885 | 23500 | 31385 |
Terms of employment | |||
Open-ended/permanent | 73025 | 18280 | 91305 |
Fixed-term contract | 36600 | 32750 | 69350 |
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest 5. |
In 2004/05, the total number of academic staff other than atypicals employed by UK HEIs was 160,655, of whom 109,625, or 68.2% were in full-time employment. Because of the change from a session population to a 1 December population, these numbers cannot be compared with those published up to 2002/03, either in absolute or proportionate terms. However, it is possible to recalculate the number of full-time academic staff for 2002/03 on the new basis, and this gives a figure of 105,550; the corresponding 2003/04 figure was an increase of 1.3% on this, and the figure for 2004/05 was a further increase of 2.5%.
72.0% of full-time academic posts were wholly financed by the institutions themselves, this proportion rising to 87.3% for part-time posts.
71.4% of full-time academic posts and 86.3% of part-time academic posts included teaching as a primary employment function.
Inflow/outflow of full-time academic staff
Tables 14a and 14b give details of the inflow and outflow of academic staff during the year. For a variety of reasons, it would be extremely difficult to draw out from those tables any easily understood human capital balance sheet for academic staff. Table M achieves this by presenting numbers on a different basis, for headcount (used only in Table M) rather than full-person-equivalent (used in other contexts) full-time academic staff only. This results in numbers that are very slightly different from those in Table L. Table M is not comparable with tables produced in previous years.
Table M - Full-time academic staff inflows and outflows 2003/04 to 2004/05 Headcount | |
---|---|
Total | |
Full-time academic staff at 1 Dec 2003 | 107135 |
Full-time academic staff as at 1 Dec 2003 who are part-time academic at 1 Dec 2004 | 2525 |
Full-time academic staff at 1 Dec 2003 who are neither full-time nor part-time academic at 1 Dec 2004 | 15265 |
of which.. | |
Other UK HEI | 1750 |
Not other UK HEI (outflow) | 13515 |
UK | 1945 |
Non-UK | 1170 |
Not in regular employment | 810 |
Retirement | 1045 |
Death | 90 |
Other/unknown | 8450 |
Full-time academic staff at 1 Dec in both years | 89340 |
Full-time academic staff at 1 Dec 2004 who were neither full-time nor part-time academic at 1 Dec 2003 | 17550 |
of which.. | |
Other UK HEI | 3570 |
Not other UK HEI (inflow) | 13980 |
UK | 6085 |
Non-UK | 2640 |
Not in regular employment | 275 |
Unknown | 4980 |
Full-time academic staff at 1 Dec 2004 who were part-time academic at 1 Dec 2003 | 3020 |
Full-time academic staff at 1 Dec 2004 | 109910 |
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest 5. |
With the introduction of NISR, the presentation of staff numbers was changed to a 1 December snapshot basis. For 2004/05 it is for the first time possible to compare numbers in two such snapshots and to break down the change in total numbers, so Table M involves linkage between the staff records for 2003/04 and 2004/05. Starting from the number of full-time academic staff as at 1 December 2003, the number who can also be identified as full-time at the same institution on 1 December 2004 is determined, as is the number who have moved from full-time to part-time mode at the same institution. The balance is the number that have left their previous institution (or are still there but are no longer full- or part-time academic staff) during the year. Similarly, the number of full-time academic staff as at 1 December 2004 is determined, as is the number who have moved from part-time-to full-time mode at the same institution. From this, the number that have joined their current institution from outside during the year (or become full-time academic staff from some status other than part-time academic staff) is derived. This provides the overall structure of the balance sheet. The (headcount) number of full-time academic staff has increased from 107,135 at 1 December 2003 to 109,910 at 1 December 2004, an increase of 2.6%. Of those in post as at 1 December 2004, 89,340, or 81.3%, were full-time (and a further 3,020, or 2.7%, were part-time) academic staff at the same institution a year previously (note again that this is not on the same basis as the percentage quoted in previous years).
Although the table also gives a breakdown of starters and leavers, regrettably the very large proportion of unknowns, particularly in the case of leavers, means that no conclusions can safely be drawn from the breakdowns. For example, leavers going to other institutions in the HE sector and starters coming from other institutions in the HE sector might be expected to balance across the sector, although moves between full-time and part-time status will make this balance only approximate, but under-reporting has resulted in widely different numbers. For the same reason, it is unsafe to draw any conclusions about the ‘brain drain/gain’.
Age of full-time academic staff
Table Ni presents the age distribution of full-time academic staff by grade.
Table Ni - Full-time academic staff by grade and age 2004/05 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Professors | Senior lecturers & researchers | Lecturers | Researchers | Other grades | Total | |
25 & under | 0 | 35 | 240 | 2240 | 400 | 2920 |
26-30 | 5 | 165 | 2855 | 8895 | 855 | 12775 |
31-35 | 95 | 1180 | 6945 | 7605 | 870 | 16695 |
36-40 | 790 | 3710 | 7230 | 4225 | 895 | 16845 |
41-45 | 1830 | 4505 | 6165 | 2295 | 1055 | 15855 |
46-50 | 2515 | 4320 | 5425 | 1390 | 1170 | 14820 |
51-55 | 3255 | 4265 | 4675 | 825 | 1355 | 14375 |
56-60 | 3370 | 3495 | 3185 | 480 | 1005 | 11535 |
61-65 | 1285 | 1135 | 735 | 140 | 225 | 3520 |
66+ | 80 | 40 | 50 | 25 | 40 | 235 |
Unknown | 0 | 0 | 25 | 5 | 15 | 55 |
Total | 13230 | 22850 | 37530 | 28130 | 7885 | 109625 |
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest 5. |
Of those staff whose age was known, 40.6% were aged over 45 and 13.1% were aged between 51 and 55. 37.6% of senior lecturers & researchers were aged between 46 and 55, and 50.1% of professors were aged between 51 and 60. 81.7% of researchers were aged 40 years or under.
The average age of full-time academic staff was 42.7 and of part-time staff, 44.3 [from Table 23a]. The average age of atypical academic staff was 40.5 [from Table 23b].
In the reference volumes up to 2002/03, the corresponding table showed only the age distribution of non-clinical staff who were wholly institutionally-financed. From 2003/04 it has not been possible to limit tabulations to non-clinical staff, but it is possible to limit them to wholly institutionally-financed staff. To aid comparability with years up to 2002/03, Table Nii has been produced on this basis; it will not appear in future volumes.
Table Nii - Full-time wholly institutionally-financed academic staff by grade and age 2004/05 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Professors | Senior lecturers & researchers | Lecturers | Researchers | Other grades | Total | |
25 & under | 0 | 35 | 225 | 565 | 275 | 1100 |
26-30 | 5 | 140 | 2430 | 1640 | 560 | 4775 |
31-35 | 75 | 1010 | 5985 | 1410 | 590 | 9065 |
36-40 | 710 | 3190 | 6585 | 1010 | 660 | 12150 |
41-45 | 1615 | 3950 | 5645 | 650 | 785 | 12655 |
46-50 | 2275 | 3845 | 5000 | 405 | 930 | 12450 |
51-55 | 2955 | 3900 | 4385 | 330 | 1130 | 12705 |
56-60 | 3110 | 3285 | 3030 | 225 | 890 | 10535 |
61-65 | 1205 | 1085 | 710 | 65 | 205 | 3265 |
66+ | 65 | 40 | 45 | 10 | 30 | 190 |
Unknown | 0 | 0 | 25 | 5 | 15 | 50 |
Total | 12015 | 20480 | 34065 | 6315 | 6075 | 78945 |
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest 5. |
Of the staff included in Table Nii whose age was known, 49.6% were aged over 45 and 16.1% were aged between 51 and 55, for 2003/04 these percentages were 50.1% and 16.9% respectively. Subject to caveats about the move to a 1 December population and the inclusion of clinical staff, these figures may be compared with those published for 2002/03, which were 49% and 17%, so no material change is apparent over the three years.
Ethnicity of all staff
In years up to 2002/03, information on ethnicity was available only for full- and part-time academic staff, but from 2003/04 it has been possible to show the position for all types of staff, and for 2004/05 the coverage by mode extends to atypical staff as well as full- and part-time staff. In Table P ethnicity is shown broken down by the four broad-brush staff groups and by mode of employment. The layout is designed to facilitate comparisons with the corresponding table for 2003/04. The presentation of ethnicity data in this introductory section is not now limited to those of UK nationality, and this should be borne in mind if comparisons are made with figures published for previous years.
Table P - All staff by ethnicity and mode of employment 2004/05 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Staff of known ethnicity | Staff of known ethnicity as a percentage of total staff | Ethnic minority staff | Ethnic minority staff as a percentage of staff of known ethnicity | |
All staff (excluding atypical) | 346305 | 309880 | 89.5% | 28515 | 9.2% |
Academic staff | 160655 | 141500 | 88.1% | 14720 | 10.4% |
Full-time | 109625 | 99785 | 91.0% | 11080 | 11.1% |
Part-time | 51030 | 41715 | 81.7% | 3640 | 8.7% |
Non-academic staff total | 185650 | 168380 | 90.7% | 13795 | 8.2% |
Full-time | 124820 | 114810 | 92.0% | 8425 | 7.3% |
Part-time | 60830 | 53570 | 88.1% | 5375 | 10.0% |
Managerial, professional & technical staff | 74520 | 68255 | 91.6% | 4685 | 6.9% |
Full-time | 61975 | 57025 | 92.0% | 3930 | 6.9% |
Part-time | 12550 | 11230 | 89.5% | 755 | 6.7% |
Clerical staff | 66115 | 61480 | 93.0% | 5085 | 8.3% |
Full-time | 42575 | 40050 | 94.1% | 3315 | 8.3% |
Part-time | 23545 | 21430 | 91.0% | 1770 | 8.3% |
Manual staff | 45010 | 38650 | 85.9% | 4025 | 10.4% |
Full-time | 20270 | 17740 | 87.5% | 1175 | 6.6% |
Part-time | 24740 | 20910 | 84.5% | 2845 | 13.6% |
Atypical staff | 164550 | 66895 | 40.7% | 10275 | 15.4% |
Academic staff | 81795 | 31125 | 38.1% | 3430 | 11.0% |
Non-academic staff | 82760 | 35770 | 43.2% | 6845 | 19.1% |
Managerial, professional & technical staff | 22005 | 11185 | 50.8% | 1475 | 13.2% |
Clerical staff | 36920 | 14245 | 38.6% | 2800 | 19.6% |
Manual staff | 23830 | 10340 | 43.4% | 2570 | 24.9% |
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest 5. |
Of all full- and part-time staff, 89.5% reported their ethnicity. The response rate did not vary greatly by staff group and mode of employment, with the previously low response rate of 74.7% from part-time academic staff in 2003/04 having increased to 81.7% in 2004/05. Among staff of known ethnicity, the proportion from ethnic minority groups varied considerably, with greater representation among academic staff at 10.4% than among non-academic staff at 8.2%.
Ethnicity was reported for only 40.7% of atypical staff. This low proportion is probably a consequence of the newness of the reporting requirement, with institutional staff record systems not yet fully adapted to collect the necessary data at the time of appointment and retrospective collection from staff on such contracts being impracticable. It may be expected to increase substantially in future. Of those atypical staff of known ethnicity, 15.4% were from ethnic minority groups.
Charts 3i to 3iv show the percentages of those from ethnic minorities represented by each visible ethnic minority group, for each of these four groups of full- and part-time staff. Charts 3v and 3vi show the position for atypical staff, broken down between academic and non-academic staff. The pattern in each group is noticeably different.
Disability of all staff
Table Q presents information on disability in the same style as Table P; again, coverage now extends to all staff groups and is not limited to those of UK nationality.
Table Q - All staff by disability status and mode of employment 2004/05 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Staff of known disability status | Staff of known disability status as a percentage of total staff | Staff declared disabled | Disabled staff as a percentage of staff with known disability status | |
All staff (excluding atypical) | 346305 | 313510 | 90.5% | 7675 | 2.4% |
Academic staff | 160655 | 144590 | 90.0% | 3055 | 2.1% |
Full-time | 109625 | 100020 | 91.2% | 2140 | 2.1% |
Part-time | 51030 | 44570 | 87.3% | 915 | 2.1% |
Non-academic staff total | 185650 | 168920 | 91.0% | 4620 | 2.7% |
Full-time | 124820 | 114225 | 91.5% | 3130 | 2.7% |
Part-time | 60830 | 54695 | 89.9% | 1490 | 2.7% |
Managerial, professional & technical staff | 74520 | 68000 | 91.2% | 1945 | 2.9% |
Full-time | 61975 | 56635 | 91.4% | 1580 | 2.8% |
Part-time | 12550 | 11365 | 90.6% | 365 | 3.2% |
Clerical staff | 66115 | 60920 | 92.1% | 1540 | 2.5% |
Full-time | 42575 | 39305 | 92.3% | 960 | 2.4% |
Part-time | 23545 | 21615 | 91.8% | 580 | 2.7% |
Manual staff | 45010 | 40000 | 88.9% | 1130 | 2.8% |
Full-time | 20270 | 18280 | 90.2% | 590 | 3.2% |
Part-time | 24740 | 21720 | 87.8% | 545 | 2.5% |
Atypical staff | 164550 | 120160 | 73.0% | 1150 | 1.0% |
Academic staff | 81795 | 61960 | 75.8% | 560 | 0.9% |
Non-academic staff | 82760 | 58195 | 70.3% | 590 | 1.0% |
Managerial, professional & technical staff | 22005 | 17110 | 77.8% | 170 | 1.0% |
Clerical staff | 36920 | 22990 | 62.3% | 315 | 1.4% |
Manual staff | 23830 | 18095 | 75.9% | 110 | 0.6% |
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest 5. |
Disability status was reported for 90.5% of all full- and part-time staff. Of those of known disability status, 2.4% had a disability. For full- and part-time academic staff, the percentages were 90.0% and 2.1%. For atypical staff the percentages were 73.0% and 1.0%
Funding, grade and gender of full-time academic staff
Table R - Full-time academic staff in all UK institutions by source of salary, grade and gender 2004/05 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Source of salary | |||
Wholly institutionally financed | All other sources of finance | Total | |
Professors | 12015 | 1215 | 13230 |
Female | 1880 | 215 | 2095 |
Male | 10135 | 1000 | 11135 |
Senior lecturers & researchers | 20480 | 2370 | 22850 |
Female | 5760 | 865 | 6625 |
Male | 14715 | 1505 | 16225 |
Lecturers | 34065 | 3465 | 37530 |
Female | 13985 | 1700 | 15685 |
Male | 20080 | 1765 | 21845 |
Researchers | 6315 | 21815 | 28130 |
Female | 2635 | 9220 | 11855 |
Male | 3680 | 12595 | 16270 |
Other grades | 6075 | 1810 | 7885 |
Female | 2480 | 870 | 3350 |
Male | 3595 | 940 | 4535 |
Total | 78945 | 30680 | 109625 |
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest 5. |
Among full-time academic staff, 90.4% of professors, senior lecturers & researchers, and lecturers were wholly institutionally funded, with very little variation across these grades, whereas 22.4% of researchers were wholly institutionally funded. Within each grade there was very little variation by gender in the proportion of full-time academic staff who were wholly institutionally funded.
The proportion of full-time professors who were female was 15.8%; of senior lecturers & researchers, 29.0%; of lecturers, 41.8%; and of researchers, 42.2%.
Cost centre distribution of full-time academic staff
Table S - Full-time academic staff in all UK institutions by source of salary, gender and departmental cost centre 2004/05 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wholly institutionally financed | All other sources of finance | ||||||
Female | Male | Total | Female | Male | Total | ||
Cost centres | 26740 | 52205 | 78945 | 12870 | 17805 | 30680 | |
Medicine, dentistry & health | 7710 | 7725 | 15440 | 6920 | 6190 | 13105 | |
Agriculture, forestry & veterinary science | 375 | 920 | 1295 | 245 | 240 | 485 | |
Biological, mathematical & physical sciences | 2170 | 8825 | 10995 | 2940 | 5535 | 8475 | |
Engineering & technology | 1745 | 9985 | 11730 | 785 | 3625 | 4410 | |
Architecture & planning | 365 | 1270 | 1635 | 110 | 180 | 290 | |
Administrative, business & social studies | 5920 | 11670 | 17585 | 905 | 1025 | 1930 | |
Humanities & language based studies & archaeology | 3490 | 5205 | 8695 | 430 | 465 | 895 | |
Design, creative & performing arts | 1490 | 2710 | 4200 | 80 | 105 | 185 | |
Education | 2820 | 2975 | 5795 | 360 | 270 | 630 | |
Academic services | 260 | 295 | 555 | 50 | 70 | 120 | |
Administration & central services | 385 | 620 | 1005 | 45 | 95 | 145 | |
Premises | 5 | 5 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Residences & catering | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 5 | |
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest 5. |
36.9% of female and 19.9% of male full-time academic staff worked in medicine, dentistry & health. The biological, mathematical & physical science departments accounted for 20.5% of male full-time academic staff.
45.9% of full-time academic staff in medicine, dentistry & health and 43.5% in biological, mathematical & physical sciences were financed other than wholly by the institutions themselves. Cost centre groups with the fewest partially or wholly externally funded full-time academic staff were in the areas of design, creative and performing arts (4.2%), humanities and language based studies and archaeology (9.3%), education (9.8%) and administration, business and social studies (9.9%). These cost centre groups are different from those used last year and so these figures are not strictly comparable with those in last year’s introduction. The Definitions at the end of this volume describe the new cost centre groups.
Pattern of employment of academic staff
Table T - Academic staff (excluding atypical) in all UK institutions by academic employment function, gender, mode and terms of employment 2004/05 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Full-time | Part-time | ||||||
Open-ended/ permanent | Fixed-term contract | Total | Open-ended/ permanent | Fixed-term contract | Total | ||
Teaching only | 4855 | 2830 | 7685 | 10225 | 21420 | 31640 | |
Female | 2330 | 1440 | 3770 | 5310 | 10340 | 15650 | |
Male | 2525 | 1390 | 3915 | 4915 | 11080 | 15995 | |
Teaching & research | 63925 | 6665 | 70590 | 7315 | 5075 | 12385 | |
Female | 20170 | 2620 | 22790 | 4375 | 2260 | 6635 | |
Male | 43755 | 4045 | 47800 | 2940 | 2815 | 5750 | |
Research only | 3390 | 26775 | 30165 | 610 | 5325 | 5935 | |
Female | 1205 | 11405 | 12615 | 440 | 3420 | 3855 | |
Male | 2185 | 15370 | 17550 | 170 | 1905 | 2080 | |
Neither teaching nor research | 855 | 325 | 1180 | 135 | 935 | 1070 | |
Female | 305 | 135 | 435 | 90 | 380 | 470 | |
Male | 550 | 195 | 745 | 45 | 555 | 595 | |
Total | 73025 | 36600 | 109625 | 18280 | 32750 | 51030 | |
In this table 0, 1, 2 are rounded to 0. All other numbers are rounded up or down to the nearest 5. |
At 88.8% for full-time staff and 89.7% for part-time staff, fixed-term contracts were the norm among research-only staff regardless of mode of employment, although these percentages have fallen slightly since 2003/04. Among staff who had teaching responsibilities, the figures were 12.1% and 60.2% respectively, so fixed-term contracts were far commoner for part-time teaching staff. For female staff who had teaching responsibilities, the figures were 15.3% and 56.5% respectively, so the proportion of full-time female teaching staff on fixed-term contracts was somewhat higher than that of male staff, whereas there was little difference in the proportions for part-time staff.
80.5% of teaching-only staff were part-time, compared with 16.4% for research-only staff and 14.9% for staff with both teaching and research duties.
1 The number of Welsh institutions in this volume is different from the number reported in some other HESA products because of the inclusion of finance and staff data from The University of Wales (central functions), previously reported under the name ‘The University of Wales Registry’.
2 Non-statutory publications omit any contribution from individuals who have notified HESA of their wish to be excluded in circumstances such as the publication of the present volume where inclusion is not defined as a requirement by the bodies whose statutory powers underpin HESA data collection.
3 In 2003/04 mention of staff in group 13 was inadvertently omitted from this list, but the number of such staff was correctly included for the calculation of percentages.